By applying possibility theory, the possibility distribution of monitoring indicator outcomes is derived, and a correlation between monitoring indicators and the possibility distribution function for safety status levels is formulated. Lastly, the prospect theory scrutinizes the highway tunnel's structural safety. Employing this method, the structural safety of a highway tunnel is evaluated, thus verifying its efficacy and practicality, thereby contributing a new technique for evaluating highway tunnel safety.
This study endeavors to modify the value-belief-norm model by including health values, heightened health consciousness, beliefs concerning healthy eating, and trust in the efficacy of organic food as propelling elements. This empirical study investigated the holistic framework to identify the determinants of consumer decision-making related to organic food consumption. A web-based survey collected data from a sample of 571 Chinese university students who regularly eat organic food. To assess the hypotheses, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was implemented. The study's findings highlight a significant relationship between health values, health consciousness, and healthy eating beliefs. This relationship fostered a positive impact on personal norms and awareness of the repercussions. Correspondingly, appreciation of results and the acceptance of responsibility played a crucial role in shaping personal standards. Likewise, the individual's norms regarding organic food and trust in its production deeply influenced the intent to purchase and consume organic foods, which in turn significantly increased the subsequent act of consumption. This study's findings provide not only novel insights for academic researchers on understanding aspects of organic food consumption, but also a practical framework for marketing professionals to develop targeted campaigns that cultivate organic food business growth. This study advocates for policymakers to concentrate on increasing the public's understanding of the health and nutritional benefits of organic food, encouraging organic food production, and focusing marketing initiatives on the unique attributes of organic food to boost its consumption.
To combat food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa's households, the economic potential of women can be leveraged. The influence of gender on household food security, as measured by income, was examined in North-Benin in this study. Using a multistage sampling technique, we identified and selected 300 households for our study. Direct, in-person interviews facilitated the collection of data using questionnaires. Data on the socioeconomic profiles of households, their self-reported experiences on Food Insecurity, and the income levels of both men and women were present in the dataset. Generalized structural equation modeling, in conjunction with descriptive statistics, was used to analyze the data. The research data suggests that food insecurity disproportionately impacted households headed by men when compared to women-headed households. Concurrently, the increase in women's income levels diminished the risk of food insecurity within households, as the rise in women's income levels was reciprocally correlated with the rise in men's income levels. Women's earnings played a larger role in covering household food costs compared to men's. Although men's income levels increased, the consequence was an elevated risk of food insecurity for households. Addressing household food insecurity in Africa's developing countries requires a focus on women's empowerment, as these results demonstrate. Noninfectious uveitis The findings equip policymakers with enhanced knowledge, facilitating better decision-making regarding household food security.
Urban densification is identified as the preeminent approach to optimally utilize urban land, contain expansion, and lessen the costs related to urban development. selleck inhibitor This technique is also generally used to lessen the pressure on urban land and curb the expansion of cities. Due to this consideration, Ethiopia has established a policy regulating urban land allocation with a focus on standardization. To address sustainable urban development concerns, the urban planning process guided by this policy leverages population size to increase urban area densities. Yet, the existing urban land allocation policy's influence on urban densification remains inadequately investigated. retinal pathology Hence, this research delves into the influence of existing urban land allocation policies on the process of urban densification in Ethiopia. A multifaceted research approach, combining diverse research methods, was utilized to achieve the study's aim. The policy, as the study established, places a greater emphasis on the present, palpable state of land use than on the strategic and efficient management of resources. Subsequently, each person received an average of 223 square meters of land for urban development. The study's results point to the ineffectiveness of the country's urban land allocation policy regarding the intended outcome of urban densification. Instead, combined with the uncontrollable growth of urban populations, the rapid outward expansion of cities has been intensified. The continuous horizontal expansion of urban areas throughout the nation suggests a potential conversion of land resources into built-up spaces within the next 127 years, unless a significant policy change takes place. Consequently, this paper advocates for a reevaluation of the nation's existing urban land allocation strategy, aiming for a more effective allocation and sustainable urban development.
Hand-washing with soap provides a remarkably cost-effective approach to minimizing the global impact of infectious diseases, particularly concerning diarrhea and acute respiratory infections. The World Health Organization and UNICEF's report demonstrates that in twenty-eight developing countries, a substantial proportion, over 25%, of the residents do not have handwashing facilities in their home. This study's goal was to scrutinize handwashing patterns and their correlations among mothers from model and non-model households in Bibugn District, North West Ethiopia.
A comparative, community-focused survey design, cross-sectional in nature, was employed. For the purpose of household selection, a multi-stage sampling method was adopted. Data collection utilized a structured interview questionnaire, and the subsequent analysis was executed using SPSS version 20. A descriptive analysis was presented, with textual support, tabular data, and illustrative figures. Logistic regression, both bi-variable and multivariable, was employed to discern potential distinctions between variables.
The handwashing practices of mothers, using water and soap/ash, were observed to be 203% effective at crucial moments. A notable disparity exists in the hand washing habits of model and non-model households, especially during crucial periods. Mothers who demonstrated a deep understanding of hygiene practices, a factor significantly associated (AOR 349, 95% CI 205, 596), alongside reliable access to clean water (AOR 222, 95% CI 136, 377) and convenient handwashing stations (AOR 188, 95% CI 118, 298), were strongly correlated with higher rates of handwashing amongst their children in comparison to their counterparts.
Critical periods in the study area witnessed handwashing, by one-fifth of the mothers, employing water and soap or ash. Model households exhibited superior handwashing practices compared to non-model households. Key to improving hand-washing practice was the expansion of the model household program, the implementation of hand-washing stations, the expansion of water access, and the promotion of strong awareness programs.
During crucial periods, one-fifth of the mothers within the study area engaged in handwashing using water and soap or ash. A noticeable difference in handwashing practices was apparent between model and non-model households, with the former excelling. Enhancing household models through expanded programs, readily available hand-washing stations, improved water access, and robust awareness campaigns contributed significantly to the improvement of hand-washing practices.
A steady increase in electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure levels may pose a risk to human health and the typical operation of electronic systems, potentially leading to malfunctions. The environmental EMF conditions of Beijing, China's urban area were determined by measurements taken along approximately 400 kilometers of roads. Measurements reveal that a substantial 89% of the sample points register electric field strengths below 3 V/m; the remaining points exhibit significantly higher electric field strengths. A subsequent spectrum analysis confirmed that the electric field strength of a portion of the road exceeded the nationally recognized limits. Furthermore, to facilitate a swift assessment of the overall environmental EMF state, this paper proposes a series of procedures for mining association rules linking electric field strength to population density and building density. Areas with medium-to-low population density and low building density consistently show electric field strength readings below 15 V/m, according to the derived association rules. To preemptively manage EMF-related risks in densely populated regions, continuous improvement in monitoring EMF levels alongside meticulous observation of urban EMF trends is essential.
Global waterlogging significantly hampers agro-economic activities worldwide. The coastal areas of southwestern Bangladesh suffer from pervasive drainage congestion, leading to severe waterlogging and making them unsuitable for habitation. Therefore, the immediate monitoring of drainage systems and surface water, and the collation of information on the movement of drainages and surface water, is critical to successful planning and supervisory methods. The present research project aimed to illustrate the impact of waterlogging on river morphology in southwestern Bangladesh, employing the Modification Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) to monitor variations in water bodies and land use. The dataset used in the research comprised Landsat images, specifically from the Landsat L8 Oli TIRS, Landsat ETM+, and Landsat TM platforms.