In Asia, at least 4000 years ago, the mango (Mangifera indica L.), a species belonging to the Anacardiaceae family and having a chromosome count of 40 (2n = 40), was first cultivated. Fruits of the mango tree, known for their delicious taste and impressive nutritional benefits, are highly sought after. Across over a hundred countries, these fruits are cultivated, and their production surpasses 40 million tons, making them a vital global fruit crop. Publicly available genome sequences of several mango varieties have recently emerged, yet there are no specialized bioinformatics platforms for mango genomics and breeding, leading to a significant gap in the storage and analysis of mango omics data. MangoBase, a web portal for mango genomics, is introduced here. It provides multiple interactive bioinformatics tools, sequences, and annotations, enabling analysis, visualization, and downloading of mango omics data. Moreover, MangoBase presents a gene expression atlas containing 12 datasets and 80 experiments, documenting some of the most substantial mango RNA-seq experiments published up to the present. These mango ripening experiments encompass different cultivars, assessing variations in pulp firmness and sweetness or in peel coloration. Separate experiments examine the effects of hot water postharvest treatment, C. gloeosporioides infection, and the tissue composition of significant mango tree organs.
A functional food like broccoli boasts a diverse array of nutrients, including selenium (Se), bioactive amino-acid-derived secondary metabolites, and polyphenols, contributing to its overall health benefits. Selenium (Se), sharing similar chemical and physical properties with sulfur (S), demonstrates competitive uptake and assimilation with sulfate and selenate, a well-established phenomenon. In pursuit of more effective broccoli floret cultivation, we examined the potential of exogenous sulfur amino acids, including cysteine and methionine, or glucosinolate precursors, along with selenium supplementation, to mitigate competitive influences. To evaluate the effect of escalating Se levels on the organic sulfur (Sorg) content of broccoli florets, we cultivated broccoli plants in a greenhouse and exogenously applied sodium selenate in a concentration gradient of 0, 02, 15, and 30 mM at the commencement of floret development. Coupled with a Se concentration of 0.002 millimoles (Se02) was the administration of Cys, Met, their combination, or a mixture of phenylalanine, tryptophan, and Met. The application procedure encompassed either fertigation or foliar application (FA), incorporating isodecyl alcohol ethoxylate (IAE) or silicon ethoxylate (SiE) surfactant. The biofortification efficacy of the three application strategies was investigated by analyzing fresh biomass, dry weight, and selenium content in florets, in addition to their sorghum, chlorophyll, carotenoid, glucoraphanin, glucobrassicin, glucoiberin, and polyphenol compositions. Foliar application of 0.2 mM selenium, coupled with silicon ethoxylate (SiE) as a surfactant, as determined from a selenium concentration gradient study, produced the lowest commercially acceptable selenium levels in florets (239 g or 0.3 mol g⁻¹ DM). This approach decreased Sorg by 45%, GlIb by 31%, and GlBr by 27%, concurrently increasing Car by 21% and GlRa by 27%. Commercially adequate Se content per floret was exclusively achievable through foliar application of 0.2 mM Se when combined with amino acids. The lowest selenium content per floret (183 g or 0.2 mol g⁻¹ DM) was observed in the Met,SeO2/FA,IAE treatment group, accompanied by increases in Sorg (35%), Car (45%), and total Chl (27%), with no impact on PPs or GSLs. The combination of Cys, Met, SeO2/FA, IAE, and amino acid mix, SeO2/FA, IAE resulted in Sorg content increasing by 36% and 16%, respectively. Consequently, the foliar application utilizing the IAE surfactant successfully augmented Sorg, with methionine serving as the shared amino acid in these treatments, exhibiting diverse positive impacts on carotenoid and chlorophyll levels. Positive responses in GSLs, particularly GlRa, were exclusively observed with the Cys, Met, and SeO2 combination, despite causing a reduction in the fresh mass of the floret. The foliar application of SiE, a surfactant, exhibited no beneficial effect on the organic sulfur content. Regardless of the specific combinations of 0.02 mM selenium and amino acids examined, the selenium content per floret was commercially acceptable, the yield was consistent, the concentration of glycosphingolipids increased, particularly GlRa and GlIb, and the proanthocyanidin content remained unaltered. GlBr levels decreased in all treatments, except in the methionine (Met,Se02/FA,SiE) group, where GlBr levels did not alter. Henceforth, the integration of selenium with the selected amino acids and surfactants facilitates the enhancement of biofortification in broccoli, resulting in florets with improved functional properties.
Wheat is a significant staple crop, underpinning food security efforts in India and South Asia. The current rate of genetic improvement in wheat (8-12%) is considerably lagging behind the 24% required to satisfy the future demand. Due to climate change impacts, including reduced wheat yields resulting from terminal heat stress, climate-resistant agricultural practices are essential for upholding wheat production. At the ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research in Karnal, Haryana, India, the implementation of a High Yield Potential Trial (HYPT) at six locations within the high-output North Western Plain Zone (NWPZ) was conceived and then conducted. To assess the economic viability for farmers, an effort was made to attain higher wheat yields by optimizing pipeline genotypes for early sowing and implementing modified agronomic procedures to evaluate this innovative strategy. Modified agronomic practices included early seeding, a 150% application of the prescribed fertilizer amount, and two sprays of growth regulators (chlormaquat chloride and tebuconazole), all aimed at preventing lodging. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Enzastaurin.html Compared to the highest yields from regular sowing times, the HYPT's mean yield was 194% higher. A noteworthy and substantial correlation was observed between grain yield and factors such as grain filling duration (051), biomass (073), harvest index (075), normalized difference vegetation index (027), chlorophyll content index (032), and 1000-grain weight (062). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Enzastaurin.html Compared to conventional sowing, the HYPT experienced a significant increase in return, reaching USD 20195 per hectare. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Enzastaurin.html Wheat's most profitable yields, in the face of climate change, are a potential outcome of new integrated agricultural practices.
The Panax ginseng Meyer species finds its home in the eastern regions of Russia and throughout Asia. This crop's medicinal properties contribute to a substantial demand in the market. However, a lack of robust reproductive output in the crop has constrained its widespread application. The goal of this study is to formulate a highly effective regeneration and acclimatization process for the particular crop in question. The basal media's type and strength were assessed for their influence on somatic embryogenesis, germination, and regeneration. Basal media MS, N6, and GD demonstrated the greatest somatic embryogenesis rates, achieving these results with a nitrogen content of 35 mM and an NH4+/NO3- ratio of either 12 or 14. The optimal medium for inducing somatic embryos was the full-strength MS medium. In contrast, the diluted form of the MS medium had a more positive effect on the maturation of embryos. The basal media, as a result, influenced negatively the development of shoots, the growth of roots, and the production of plantlets. Despite the 1/2 MS germination medium's contribution to healthy shoot development, the 1/2 SH medium exhibited outstanding root formation. Upon transfer to soil, the in vitro-grown roots demonstrated a remarkable survival rate of 863%. The final ISSR marker analysis showed the regenerated plants to be entirely comparable to the control group. The outcomes achieved are significant for improving the efficiency of micropropagation techniques applicable to different varieties of P. ginseng.
Cemeteries, similar to urban public parks, play a crucial role in the urban environment, offering semi-natural havens for a variety of plant and animal life, along with a wide array of ecological benefits. They enhance air quality, mitigate the urban heat island effect, and provide aesthetic and recreational opportunities. This paper analyzes the incorporation of cemeteries into urban green infrastructure networks, analyzing their roles beyond their sacred and memorial purposes and examining their vital importance as urban habitats for flora and fauna. Our research project compared Budapest's Nemzeti Sirkert and Uj Koztemeto cemeteries with the Central Cemetery of Vienna (Zentralfriedhof), particularly noting the latter's pioneering work in green infrastructure and habitat design over the past years. Our study sought to establish the correlation between maintenance technologies, green space development methods, and the creation of sustainable habitats, specifically focusing on the application of suitable plant species in public cemeteries.
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum, a vital part of global agriculture, is better known as durum wheat. Durum (Desf.), a vital component in various culinary traditions, offers a unique and robust flavor profile. The allotetraploid cereal crop, known as Husn, is a worldwide staple, vital for the production of pasta, couscous, and bulgur. In the context of evolving climate change scenarios, durum wheat cultivation is constrained by both abiotic factors, such as fluctuating temperatures, high salinity, and severe drought, and biotic stresses, primarily from fungal pathogens, leading to substantial declines in yield and grain quality. Durum wheat's transcriptomic landscape has undergone a profound transformation thanks to next-generation sequencing technologies, offering extensive datasets at different anatomical levels, categorized by phenological phases and environmental conditions. This review delves into the wealth of transcriptomic information generated for durum wheat, providing a critical assessment of the scientific understanding derived regarding stress responses, both abiotic and biotic.